Maximizing Energy Output of Photovoltaic Systems: Hybrid PSO-GWO-CS Optimization Approach

Photovoltaic (PV) systems suffer from partial shade and nonuniform irradiance conditions. Meanwhile, each PV module has a bypass shunt diode (BSD) to prevent hotspots. BSD also causes series of peak in the power-voltage characteristics array, trapping traditional maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) methods local peaks. This study aims address these challenges by combining cuckoo search (CS), gray wolf optimization (GWO), particle swarm (PSO) enhance MPPT performance. The results compared yield power MPP using only GWO, CS, or PSO techniques them. Results show that four cases: case 1) Uniform Irradiation three patterns (High, Medium, Low), In 2) Fixed Nonuniform Irradiation, While 3) Slow Dynamic 4) ) Fast irradiation. efficiency (PSO + CS) 97.86%, GWO) 97.74%, (GWO 98.55% were highest performers 1 (high, medium, low), respectively. Case 2, is 98.62%, it operates more effectively under fixed irradiance. It both Cases 3 4, even though its respective GWO efficiencies are 97.45% 97.26%. Based on results, hybrid mode merging algorithms based weather radiation conditions proposed.